Understand UPSC CONQUER MAINS 2026 | GS Paper 2 Governance | UPSC Mains Printed Notes (E)
TOTAL PAGES – 98
Index
Basic Idea of Governance
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- Role of Governance in development
- How can Governance be measured
- Role of Non-State actors in Governance
- Disconnect between Policies and Ground Realities
Good Governance
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- Good Governance is Subjective
- Barriers to Good Governance
- Digital Inequality as a major barrier to Good Governance
- Effectiveness of Government and People’s Participation: An Interdependent Relationship
E-Governance
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- AI, LLM and Blockchain in Governance
- e-Governance’s Bias Towards Technology over User-Centric Design
Environmental Governance
Transparency
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- Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2025: Key findings
Right To Information
Accountability
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- Ethical Governance & Rebuilding Public Trust
- Anti-Defection Law & Parliamentary Accountability
Social Audit
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- Social Audit Is of No Use if there is no follow up on findings
- Social Audit in Electoral Roll Revision (SIR 2.0)
Citizen Charter
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- Does the Citizen Charter need to be legalised?
- Sevottam Model
Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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- Mission Karmayogi (National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building)
Public Policy
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- Policy Contradiction
- Policy in Times of LPG
- Terminologies
Development Process
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- Major Development Approaches
- Inadequate Attention to Human Resource Development
- Contemporary Development Models (Centralised)
- From Growth to Human Development: The Governance Challenge
- Cooperation, Partnership & Team Spirit in India’s Development Process
- Institutional Quality: The Missing Link in India’s Development
Civil Society
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- Contribution Of Civil Society Groups For Women’s Representation In State Legislatures
- Accountability Concerns in Civil Societies
- CSOs as “Anti-State” vs “Non-State” Actors
- Shrinking Civic Space in India
Pressure Groups
Techniques
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- Types of Pressure groups in India
- Environmental Pressure Groups
NGOs
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- International NGOs (INGOs)
Self Help Groups (SHG)
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- Government Initiatives for Promotion of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
- “Does the Emergence of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) Reflect the Failure of the State?”
Donor Agencies (Development Agencies)
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- Role of Donor Agencies in Development
- Increased Dependence on Donor Agencies
Cooperative Societies
- Government Initiatives to Promote Cooperative Societies

























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